Estimations of the effective Young's modulus of specimens prepared by fused filament fabrication

The elastic response of homogeneous isotropic materials is most commonly represented by their Young's modulus (E), but geometric variability associated with additive manufacturing results in that are neither nor isotropic. Here we investigated methods to estimate the effective (Eeff) samples fabricated fused filament fabrication. We conducted finite element analysis (FEA) on printed based material properties and CT-scanned geometries. revealed how layer structure a specimen altered internal stress distribution resulting Eeff. also different empirical Eeff as guides. envision findings from our study can provide guidelines for estimation as-printed specimens, potential applying other extrusion-based technologies.